Production, functional stability, and effect of rhamnolipid biosurfactant from Klebsiella sp. on phenanthrene degradation in various medium systems

The present study investigated the stability and efficacy of a biosurfactant produced by Klebsiella sp. KOD36 under extreme conditions its potential for enhancing solubilization degradation phenanthrene in various environmental matrices. mono-rhamnolipids with low critical micelle concentration (CMC) value. was stable (60 °C, pH 10 10% salinity) could lower surface tension 30% maintained an emulsification index > 40%. emulsion also higher (17–43%) presence petroleum hydrocarbons compared to synthetic surfactant Triton X-100. Investigation on three different matrices (aqueous, soil-slurry soil) confirmed that enhanced biodegradation all high functional performance show great remediation applications harsh conditions.